Vinyl polymers stabilized with thioacetal and thioketal tin compounds



United States Patent ()flice Patented July 20, 1965 "INYL PGLYh IERS STABILIZED WITH THE ACETAL AND THEOKETAL TIN CGMPOUNDS Ingenuin Hechenbleikner, Kenwood, Robert E. Bresser,

Sharonville, and Gtto A. Homberg, Woodlawn, Ohio, assignors to Carlisie (Iheznical Works, inc Reading, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio No Drawing. Filed May 1, 1962, Ser. No. 191,463 13 (Jlaims. (Ci. 260-4535) This application is a continuation-in-part of application Serial No. 103,256, filed April 17, 1961, now Patent 3,078,290, issued February 19, 1963.

The present invention relates to novel thioacetals and thioketals and their use as stabilizers for solid polymers of monoolefins having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and as stabilizers for solid polymers of monoolefins having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and as stabilizers for halogen-containing resins.

It is an object of the present invention to prepare novel thioacetals and thioketals.

Another object is to prepare novel mono-, dior trihydrocarbon tin salts of acids havin a thioketal or thinacetal group.

An additional object is to prepare novel stabilized compositions containing solid polymers of monoolefins having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably polypropylene.

Another object is to stabilize polypropylene and other polymers of monoolefins having 2 to 4 carbon atoms with synergistic stabilizer compositions.

A further object is to extend the heat and light stability of halogen-containing resins.

An additional object is to provide novel stabilized vinyl resin compositions.

Yet another object is to provide novel synergistic stabilizers for halogen-containing resins.

Still further objects and the entire scope of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter; it should be understood, however, that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.

In one form of the invention there are prepared dihydrocarbon tin salts of acids having a thioacetal or thioketal grouping. Such compounds belong to one of the following groups radical.

(II) SR4 Sn(OOC(CH2)nC i 1 to S 5 a where n, R and R are as defined above, R and R are alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid ester and R is hydrogen, alkyl, benzyl or aryl.

where n, R and R are as defined above and R is alkyl where R, R and n are defined as above, R is alkyl, aralkyl or aryl and m is an integer from 0 to 8.

Another aspect of the invention is the preparation of monohydrocarbon and trihydrocarbon tin salts of acids having a thioacetal or thioketal grouping. Such compounds belong to one of the following groups:

where n, R, R and R are as defined above.

where n, R, R R and R are as defined above.

\ S R2 OOCQ C where R, R and R are as defined above.

(D) RSn(O O C (CH2) HSCHQSR-DS where n, R, and R are as defined above.

where R, R R R and R are as defined above and R R and R are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and R1 Sn Rlu o R V SR4 R1 SnOOC(OHz)nC 10 a SR5 where n, R, R R R R and R are as defined above.

where R, R R R and R are as defined above, and R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and While the formulae are written for the monomeric materials, many of them also exist in a polymeric form closely approximating the monomeric formulae.

In another form of the invention certain thioacetals and thioketals are mixed with dihydr-ocarbon tin oxides or sulfides or with monohydrocarbon stannoic acids or monohydrocarbon tin alcoholates or trihydrocarbon tin oxides.

The thioacetals and thioketals have the following formulae:

(V10) HO O 0 CH2 HO O O- H-S R2 C HO O CCH-- S Ra HO O C CH:

R9000 (CH2) nC Ra SR5 (VIII) 0 R,

R SCHgS (CHQn OH HO&(CH2)|;S R3 Rs S (CH2)nCOOH C(C H7) -C In Formulae VI through X the definitions of m, n, R R R R R R and R are the same as those defined above and R is hydrogen or alkyl.

As the dihydrocarbon tin oxide or sulfide, there can betused dimethyl tin oxide, dibutyl tin oxide, dioctyl tin oxide, dilauryl tin oxide, butyl lauryl tin oxide, dioctadecyl tin oxide, diphenyl tin oxide, dimethyl tin sulfide, dibutyl tin sulfide, dioctyl tin sulfide, dilauryl tin sulfide, diphenyl tin sulfide, dioctadecyl tin sulfide, dicyclohexyl tin oxide, etc.-

As monohydrocarbon :shannoic acids and monohydrocarbon tin alcoholates there can be used methyl stannoic acid, butyl stannoic acid, lauryl stannoic acid, octadecyl stanno-ic acid, phenyl stan-noic acid, butyl tin triisopropylate, octyl tin triisopropylate, octadecyl tin trimethylate, butyl tin tributylate.

As trihydrocarbon tin oxides there can be used tributyl tin oxide [(C H Sn] O, trioctyl tin oxide, triootadecyl tin oxide, triphenyl tin oxide, dibutyl octyl tin oxide, and t-rilauryl tin oxide.

Typical examples of compounds in Group I are dibutyl tin propane-2,2-bis (mercaptopropionate) 04H!) OOCCHgCHzS CH3 l 1 Sn 0 0 3 ooccmcms CH dibutyl tin benzaldi (mercaptoacetate), dibutyl tin benzaldi (mercaptopropionate), dibutyl tin Z-hydroxybenzaldi (mercaptopr-opiona'te), dineopentyl tin propane-2,2 ois mercaptopropionate), dibutyl tin isodecane L l-bis merca-ptopropionate), dioctyl tin propane 2,2-bis (mercapt-o-propionate), dibutyl tin cyclohexyl 1,l1-bis (mereaptopropionate), dimethyl tin propane 1,2-bis (omega mercaptooctanoate), dioctadecyl tin methane bis (mercaptoacetate), diphenyl tin propane 2,2-bis (mercaptopropionate), dibutyl tin propene 3,3abis (mercaptopropionate), butyl lauryl tin phenylacetaldi (mercap'toacetate), dihexyl tin 2-butene-1,1-bis (mercaptopropionate), dibutyl tin diphenyl methane bis (mercaptopropionate) 04m oooornomf-s 0411., o 0 o onzoi-n-s Q dibenzyl tin propane-Z-mercaptoacetate-Z-mercaptopropiona-te,

dibutyl tin 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzaldi (mercaptobuw rate) and dibutyl tin propane 2,2-bis (mercaptosuccinate).

Typical examples of compounds in Group II are dibutyl tin di [4,4-bis (dodecylthio) valerate] Su 0 o G CHgCI-IgC CH H W Ii l CsHn O O C CH CH S diphenyl tin di {3,3-bis (benzylthio)-3-phenyl propionate]. H

Typical examples of compounds in Group III are dibutyl tin Z-hydroxybenzaldi (2'-rnercaptobenzoate), dibutyl tin propane-2,2bis (2'-mercaptobenzoate) iHv a 04H; OOCCH2CH2S SCHQCEECOO SD. CECE:

QOCCH2CH2S SCH2CH2COO cli (dioctyl tin)-l-methyl ethane 1,1,2,2-tetrakis (mercaptoacetate), di (diphenyl tin) butane-l,l,4,4-tetrakis (mercaptopropionate), di (dilauryl tin) hexane-1,l,6,6-tetral is (mercaptooctanoate) Typical examples of compounds in Group A are bis (butyl tin) tri (propane-2,Z-bis-,8mercaptopropionate); bis (butyl tin) tri (benzaldi-B-mercaptopropionate); bis (octyl tin) tri (propane-2,2-bis mercaptoacetate); bis (phenyl tin) tri (hydroxybenzaldi-fl-mercaptopropiw nate); bis (methyl tin) tri (cyclohexyl-1,l-bis mercaptooctanoate); bis (benzyl tin) tri (2-hydroxy-4-metl1oxybenzaldi mercaptobutyrate); bis (octadecyl tin) tri (2- butene-1,l-bis mercaptopropionate).

Typical examples of compounds in Group B are butyl tin tri [4,4-bis (dodecylthio) valerate], butyl tin tri [4,4- bis (phenylthio) valerate], octadecyl tin tri [4,4-bis (phenylthio) valerate], octyl tin tri [4,4-bi-s carboxyethylthio) valerate], butyl tin tri [4,4-bis (carbobutoxyethylthio) valerate], methyl tin tri [ethyl-3,3-bis (carboxyethylthio) butyrate], phenyl tin tri [3,3-b1's (benzylthio -3-phenylpropionate] Tyqaical examples of compounds in Group C are bis (butyl tin) tri (benzaldi 2-niercaptobenzoate), bis (butyl tin) tri propane-Z,2-bis-2'-mercaptobenzoate, bis (phenyl tin) tri (Z-hydroxybenzaldi 2'-mercaptobenzoate), bis (octyl tin) tri (methane-bis-4-rnercaptobenzoate), bis (lauryl tin) tri (diphenylmethane bis (3-rnercaptobenzoate), bis (methyl tin) tri (ethane-1,1-bis-2-mercaptobenzoate).

Typical examples of compound in Group D are butyl tin tri (dodecylthiomethyl thioacetate), lauryl tin tri (methylthiornethyl thiopropionate) methyl tin tri (phenylthiomethyl thiooctanoate), phenyl tin tri (benzylthiomethyl thioacetate).

Typical examples of compounds in Group E are his (tributyl tin) propane-2,2-bis-B-mercaptopropionate, bis (tributyl tin) benzal-di-B-rnercaptopropionate, bis (butyl octyl octadecyl tin) propane-2,2-bis mercaptoacetate, bis (triocty l tin) propane-2,2-bis-mercaptooctanoate, bis (triphenyl tin) hydroxybenzaldi-fl-mercaptopropionate, bis (trimethyl tin cyclohexyl-1,l-bis mercaptoacetate, bis (tribenzyl tin)-2-hydroxy-4-metho-xybenzaldi mercaptobutyrate, bis (tri octadecyl tin) 2-butene-l,1-bis mercaptopropionate, tributyl tin propane-2,2-bis-B-mercaptopropionate, trioctyl tin benzaldi-mercaptoacetate 0 H HOOCCH S Typical examples of compounds in Group F are tributyl tin propane 2,2-bis mercaptosuccinate CHzC-OOH CiHg O O C CH3 CH3 4Ha-Su CQHQ HOOCCHS CH HzCOOH bis (tributyl tin) propane 2,2-bis mercaptosuccinate, tris (triphenyl tin) propane 2,2-bis mercaptosuccinate, tetra (trioctyl tin) propane 2,2-bis mercaptosuccinate.

Typical examples of compounds in Group G are tributyl tin 4,4-bis (dodecythio) valerate, tributyl tin 4,4-bis (phenylthio) valerate, trioctadecyl tin 4,4-bis (phenylthio) valerate, trioctyl tin 4,4-bis (carboxyethylthio) valerate, butyloctyl lauryl tin 4,4-bis (carbobutylethylthio) valerate, trimethyl tin 4,4-bis (dodecylthio) valerate, trioctyl tin ethyl-3,3-bis (carboxyethylthio) butyrate, triphenyl tin 3,3-bis (benzylthio)-3-phenyl propionate.

Typical examples of compounds in Group H are his (tributyl tin) propane-2,2-bis (2-mercaptobenzoate), bis (tributyl tin)-2-hydroxybenzaldi (2'-mercaptobenzoate), bis (triphenyl tin) benzaldi (2-mercaptobenzoate), bis (trioctyl tin) methane-bis (4-mercaptobenzoate), bis (tn'lauryl tin) diphenyl methane bis (3-mercaptobenzoate), bis (trime'thyl tin) ethane-1,1-bis (2'-rnercaptobenzoate), tributyl tin propane-2,2-bis (2'-mercaptobenzoate) Typical examples of compounds in Group I are tributyl tin dodecylthiornethyl thioacetate, trilauryl tin methythiomethyl thiopropionate, trirnethyl tin phenylthiomethyl thiooctanoate, triphenyl tin benzylthiomethyl thioacetate.

Typical examples of compounds in Group K are trioctyl tin -1-rnethyl ethane 1,1,2,2-tetrakis (merc-aptoace- Tate), tributyl tin ethane l,1,2,2-tetrakis (mercaptopropionate), bis (tributy-l tin) ethane l,l,2,2-tetrakis (mercaptopropionate), tris (tributyl tin) ethane 1,1,2,2-tetrakis (mercaptopropionate), tetra (tributyl tin) ethane l,1,2,2- tetrakis (mercaptopropionate), tetra (triphenyl tin) butane l,l,4,4-tetrakis (mercaptopropionate), tetra (trilauryl tin) hexane-l,l,6,6-tetrakis (mercaptooctanoate).

Typical examples of compounds in Groups VI and VIa are benzaldi (mercaptoacetic acid), benzaldi (mercaptopropionic acid), Z-hydroxybenzaldi (mencaptoacetic acid), 2-hydroxybenzaldi (mercaptopropionic acid), 4- hydroxy-3-rnethoxy-benzaldi (mercaptopropionic acid), cyclohexyl-1,1-bis (mercaptoacetic acid), cyclohexyl-1,lbis (mercaptopropionic acid), methane-bis-(mercaptoacetic acid), methane-bis (mercaptopropionic acid), isodecane-l,1-bis (mercaptoacetic acid, isodecane-l, l-bis (mercaptopropionic acid), propane-2, 2-bis (mercaptoacetic acid), propane-2,2-bis (mercaptopropionic acid), 4- methylpentane-2,2-bis (mercaptoacetic acid), butane-2,2- bis (mercaptoacetic acid), diphenylmethane-bis (mercaptopropionic acid), propene-3,3-bis (mercaptopropionic acid), 2butene-l,l-bis (mercaptopropionic acid), propane-2,2-bis (mercaptosuccinic acid), Z-hydroxybenzaldi (2-mercaptobenzoic acid), propane-2,2-bis (mercaptooctanoic acid), phenylacetaldi' (mercaptoacetic acid), propane-Z-mercaptoacetic acid-2-mercaptopropionic acid, and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldi (mercaptobutyric acid).

Typical examples of compounds in Group VII are 4,4- bis (carbobutoxyethylthio) valeric acid, 4,4-bi-s (dodecylthio) valeric acid, 4,4-bis (phenylthio) Valerie acid, 4,4- .bis (carboxyethylthio) valeric acid, ethyl-3,3-bis (carboxyethylthio) butyrate SCHaCHzCOOH CH CHzC O O C2113 SCHzCHzCOOH 3,3-bis (benzylthio)-3-phenylpropionic acid.

Typical examples of compounds in. Group VIII are 2-hydroxybenzaldi (2'-mercaptobenzoic acid), propane- 2,2 bis (2'-mercaptobenzoic acid), methane-bis (4-mercaptobenzoic acid), methane-bis (3-mercaptobenzoic acid), ethane-1,1-bis (2'-mercaptobenzoic acid), phenyl methane bis (Z-mercaptobenzoic acid).

Typical examples of compounds in Group IX are dodecylthiomethyl mercaptoacetic acid, methylthiomethyl mercaptopropionic acid, phenylthiomethyl mercaptooctanoic Butyl stannoic acid (0.91 mole) was heated in a vacuum (water pump) with 1.37 moles of propane-2,2-bis-j3- mercaptopropionic acid and the Water removed. The product was bis (butyl tin) tri (propane-2,2-bis-B-mercaptopropionate), a white solid melting or softening around 50-80 0., tin 21.5% (theory 21.6%), sulfur 17.68% (theory 17.4%). The solid appeared to be in polymeric form. Example II One mol of butyl tin triisopropylate was heated with '15 moles of propane 2,Z-bis-B-mercaptopropionic acid in 200 m1. of isopropyl alcohol and there was recovered as the residue bis (butyl tin) tri (propane-2,2-bis-[3-mercap- 'topropionate) having the same properties as the product of Example I.

Example III 0.0865 mol of butyl stannoic acid was heated with 0.13 mol of .benzaldi-B-mercaptopropionic acid in a vacuum and the Water removed to recover bis (butyl tin) tri -(benzaldi-bis-fl-mercaptopropionate) as a pale yellow solid melting at 6788 (1., tin 19.5% (theory 19.05%), sulfur 15.82% (theory 15.42%). The solid appeared to be in polymeric form.

8 Example IV 0.15 mol of tributyl tin oxide was reacted with 0.15 mol of propane-2,2-bis-fi-rnercaptopropionic acid in 100 ml. of a mixture of equal amounts by volume of hexane and benzene. The bis (tributyl tin) propane-2,2-bis-13- mcrcaptopropionate obtained was recrystallized from isopropanol as a white crystalline solid, M.P. 9899 0, tin 28.0% (theory 28.6%), sulfur 7.52% (theory 7.73%).

Example V 0.15 mol of tributyl tin oxide was heated to reflux with 0.15 mol of benzaldi-fl-mercaptopropionic acid in 100 ml. of a mixture of equal amounts by volume of hexane and benzene. The bis (tributyl tin) benzaldi-fl-mercaptopropionate obtained was a white crystalline solid, M.P. 96 (1., tin 26.9% (theory 27.0%), sulfur 7.38% (theory 7.30%).

Example VI One mol of octyl stannoic acid and one mol of 4,4-bis (carboxyethylthio) valeric acid were heated in a vacuum and the water removed to recover octyltin tri [4,4-bis (carboxyethylthio) valerate].

Example VII One mol of butyl stannoic acid was heated in a vacuum with 1.5 moles of benzaldi 2'-meroaptobenzoic acid and the water removed to recover bis (butyl tin) tri (benzaldi 2'-mercaptobenzoate) Example VIII One mol of butyl stannoic acid and one mol of dodecyl thiomethylthioacetic acid were heated in a vacuum and the water removed to recover butyl tin tri (dodecylthiomethylthio-acetate) Example IX One mol of trioctyl tin oxide was heated to reflux with 2 moles of l methyl ethane-l,l,2,2-tetrakis (mercaptoacetic acid) in 750 ml. of a mixture of equal parts by volume of benzene and hexane to obtain trioctyl tinl-methylethane l,1,2,2-tetrakis (mercaptoacetate) as the product.

Example XI One mol of tributyl tin oxide wa heated to reflux with 0.5 mol of ethane-1,1,2,2,-tetrakis (mercaptopropionic acid) in 500 ml. of a mixture of equal parts by volume of benzene and hexane to obtain tetra (tributyl tin) ethane l,l,2,2-tetral is (mercaptopropionate) as the product.

Example XII One mol of tributyl tin oxide was heated to reflux with 2 moles of 4,4-bis (dodecylthio) valeric acid in 750 m1. of a mixture of equal parts by volume of benzene and hexane to obtain tributyltin 4,4-bis (dodecylthio) valerate as the product.

Example XIII The procedure of Example XII was repeated replacing the 4,4-bis (dodecylthio) valeric acid by 2 moles of dodecylthiomethylthioacetic acid to produce tributyl tin dodecylthiomethylthioacetate as the product.

Example XIV One mol of tributyl tin oxide was heated to reflux with one mol of propane-2,2-bis (2'-mercaptobenzoi-c acid) in 500 ml. of a mixture of equal parts by volume of benzene 10 VI, Vla, VII, VIII, IX and X, there is normally used 001 to 10% of the tin compound by Weight of the resin and the thioacetal or thioketal is also normally used in an amount of 0.01 to 10% by weight of the resin. More a I 5 preferably, 0.2 to 5% of the tin compound and 0.2 to 5% fi jgfig a fifg ggigg ggg g bls or the thioacetals or thioketal is employed based on the The stabilizers of the present invention can be used welght 1 1 h b.1iZ h with halogen containing vinyl and vinylidene resins in The owlpg l fi emp t e 1 i of t e which the halogen is attached directly to a carbon atom in mventlon with vinyl q l Wlthout the polymer chain. Preferably, the resin is a vinyl halide i there was t statbl than when the resin, Specifically a virwl ch10 ri d6 resin. Usually, the equivalent amount of drbutyl tin dllaurate was employed. vinyl chloride resin is made from monomers consisting of y of cqmppunds composltlons .Supenor vinyl chloride alone or a mixture of monomers compris- 9 dlbutyl l bis .(lsooctylthmglycolate) as stablhzem for ing at least 70% vinyl chloride by weight. When vinyl ig g if i l t E 1 chloride copolymers are stabilized, preferably the copolye O .owmg examp es l l companson Kan}? es mm, of vinyl chloride with an ethylenicauy unsaturated l and 2) illustrate the stabrllzlng eifect of the addltives compound copolymerizable therewith contains at least of thefpresent Invention E be noted that the first 10% of polymerized vinyl Chloride yellowing does not necessarily limit the usefulness of the AS the chlorinated resin there i be employed chlori stabilizer. The stabilizer tests were carried out at 360 F. (182 C.) in the conventional forced draft oven. In nated polyethylene having 14 to 75%, e.g., 27% chlorine th t M 101 EP d 103 EPd t G 101 EP d by weight, polyvinyl chloride, polyw'nylidene chloride, a EP i i i g 1 an polyvinyl bromide, polyvinyl fluoride, copolymers of vinyl t d a a g g s g l ytmers chloride with 1 to 90%, preferably 1 to 30%, of a copo- 3 l f Y 1 5 3 lymerizable ethylenically unsaturated material such as I vmy c e'vmyqace cope fi vinyl acetate Vinyl butyrate, vinyl benzoate, vinyfidene barn, acommercrally avallable vinyl chloride resln. In the chloride, diethyl fumarate, diethyl maleate, other alkyl li i agl fl l fumarates and maleates, vinyl propionate, methyl acry- 1 g e 5 i 1 e si elmne 2 late, Z-ethylhexyl acrylate, butyl acrylate and other alkyl 3 i a l i l T etter acrylates, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl eslgla i 6 mm mmu es at w lch t e resm became methacrylate and other alkyl methacrylates, methyl alpha very ar chloroacrylate, styrene, trichloroethylene, vinyl ethers Example 1 such as vinyl ethyl ether, vinyl chloroethyl ether and vinyl {Dibutyl rm dilaurate-Molecular weight 528] phenyy ether, vinyl ketones such a vinyl methyl ketone vinyl phenyl ketone, l-fluoro-l-chloroethylene, acryl- Parts stabilizer 0,95 0.94 1, 3 2 2 omtrile, chloracrylonitrile, allylidene diacetate and chlorogf g 1031313 103E; allylidenediacetate. Typical copolymers include vinyl Resullgsf "I: Y-o Y-15 Y30 Y-0 chloride-vinyl acetate (96:4 sold commercial as VYNW), 3-60 13-45 B vinyl chloride-vinylacetate (87:13), vinyl chloride-vinyl Example 2 [Dibutyl tin (isooctylthioglycolate)-Molecular weight 580] Parts stabilizer 0. 4 0. 75 0: 95 1. 0 1. 67 1- 11 Resin 103EP 103EP 103EP 101EP VYNW SE1.) &0- 3. I1 Dioctyl phthalate (parts) 50 0 O 0 50 Results if-45 Y-45 Y45 Y-30 Y- Y-60 13-90 13-75 13-60 13-75 13-75 13-75 acetate maleic anhydride (86:13:11), vinyl chloride- 50 Example 3 vinylidene chloride :5), vinyl chloride-diethyl fumarate (95:5), vinyl chloride-trichloroethylene (95:5), vinyl chloride-Z- ethylhexyl acrylate (80:20).

The stabilizers of the present invention can be incorporated with the resin by admixing in an appropriate mill or mixer or by any of the other well-known methods which provide for uniform distribution throughout the resin compositions. Thus, mixing can be accomplished by milling on rolls at l00-160 C.

In addition to the novel stabilizers there can also be incorporated with the resin conventional additives such as plasticizers, pigments, fillers, dyes, ultraviolet light absorbing agents, densifying agents and the like.

If a plasticizer is employed, it is used in conventional amount, e.g., 30 to 150 parts per parts of resin. Typical plasticizers are di-Z-ethylhexyl phthalate, dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl sebacate, tricresyl phosphate.

The tin containing stabilizers in Groups I, la, II, III, IV, V, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J and K are normally used in an amount of 0.01 to 10% by weight of the chlorinated resin. More preferably, 0.2 to 5% of the tin compound is used by weight of the resin.

When a mixture of dihydrocarbon tin oxide or sulfide or trihydrocarbon tin oxide or monohydrocarbon stannoic acid is employed with the thioacetals or ketals of Groups {Dibutyl tin lsodecane-l,1-bis (mefirsensiptopropionate)-ltloleeular weight Example 18 Example 26 {Compound: Isodecane-Ll-bis (mereaptopropionio acld) lCompound: eyolohexyl-1,1-bis (mercaptopropionic aoitD-Molecular Molecular weight 350] welght 292] Dibutyl tin Oxide 0. 37 D 37 0.37 Dibutyl tin oxide 0. 37 0. 37 0.37 Above compound.-- UV 315 0. 53 0. 53 Above compound 0. 45 0.23 O. 45 Resin 103EP 101E]? IOIEP Resin 101EP 101EP lOlEP Dioctyl phthalate 0 0 50 Diooty 0 0 50 esults Y-SO Y-30 Y-SO Results Y-GO Y-fiO Y 75 13-75 B-75 B-75 13-75 B-75 13-105 Example 19 [C ompound: 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenze1d} (mereaptopropionio aoid)- Example 27 Molecular Weight 3'16] lCompound: Propane-2,2-bis (mercaptosucclnic acid)Molecular weight 340] Dibutyl tin oxide 0. 37 0. 37 $25 9155 Dioutyl tin oxideo. 37 0. a7 0. 37 i Y4 Above compound 0.51 0. 26 0. 51 B45 B45 Resin-- 101EP 101EP 103EP Dloctyl phthalate 0 0 50 es Its Y o Y-30 Y-45 Example B-l5 IB-75 B-115 lCompound: Propane-2,2-bis (mercaptopropionic aim-Molecular 20 Weight 252] Example 28 Dibutyl tin oxide 0 0. 37 0. 37 0. 37 0. 37 Dioctyl tin oxide 0. 54 0 0 0 0 [Compound. Propane 3,3 blS Wing1c2a5%oprop1onic aold) Molecular Above compound- 0. 41 0.38 0.20 0. 48 0.22

' 103m; 101131: IOIEP 101121 10313;;

O Dibutyl tin oxide... 0. 37 0.37 1-60 5 Y 103 Above compound 0.38 0. 20 13-15 13-90 B90 13-105 13-120 Resin 101E? 101E? Results- Y-O Y-I] 13-75 B75 Example 21 [Compoundz 4,4-bis (phenylthio) Valerie acid-Molecular weight 318] Example 29 Dibutyl tin oxide 0. 37 O. 37 Above Compound 0 48 0 25 [Compound. 2 butane 1,1 bis (vgiglaipgtgfiropiomc acxd) Molecular Resin. IOIEP 101EP Reenlfq Y-O Y-O 5 Dibutyl tin oxide 0. a7 0. 37 Above compound 0. O. 22 E I 22 Resilt 101 1 101%? am esu s 0 -0 x p 6 13-75 13-75 lcompouud: 4,4-bis (carbobutoxy-ethylthio) Valerie aoidMolecular weight 422] 40 Dibutyl tin oxide 0. 37 u. 37 o 37 Example 30 Above compound 0. 66 0. 33 0. 66 Resin lolEP 101EP 103EP [Compoundz Ethyl-3,3-bis (earboxy-ethylthio) butyrateMo1eeular Dioetyl phthalate.- 0 0 50 weight 324] Results Y-60 Y-30 Y-60 18-90 13-75 B-QO Dibutyl tin oxide 0. 37. 0. 37 0. 37 Above compound. 0. 49 O. 26 0. 49 Example 23 101E 101EI6 103E513 [Compound2 A-bis (carboxy-ethylgglif) Valerie aci lMo1ecular Weight 51;? gig :58

Dibutyl tin oxide 0. 37 0. 37 0. 37 0. 37 Above compound 0. 34 0.32 0. 18 0. 32 Example 31 esin... l 1 103EP IOIEP 101EP 103EP 7 Dmcts 3 2 8 y 8 3g [Compoundz P6Ilt21119-2,2,4, 4-tetra (mercaptoproplonio acid)Molecular 13-105 13-75 13-75 13-90 52 Welght 4881 Formula: HOOCOH2CH2S SCHgCHQCOOH Example CH3 --CH: CH3 [Compound2 2-hyd1'oxybenza1di (2-mercoptobenzoic aeid)Molecular HO O 0 2 25 SCH-20 2 0 011 Weight 392] 60 Dioutyl tin oxide 0.37 0.37 0. 3 L 37 Dibutyl tin oxide. 0.37 0.37 Above compound 07 42 O. 37 0. 7 0. Ab (3omp0u1 d Q 20 9 3 103EP IOIEP 101E? 103E]? Resin 101EP 101EP 50 0 0 50 Results u Y-15 Y-3o Y-30 1 0 Y() Y-IS 13.75 13.75 13-105 13-630 B-60 B-GO Example 25 Example 32 [Compound: Ethane-l,1,2,2-tetrak is (mereaptoproplonic acid)-Moleeular [Compound: Propane-2,2-bis (mercaptopropionic aeid)-Molecular weight 455] weight 232] Dlbutyl tin oxide 0. 37 Dioutyl tin sulfide 0. 40 D. 40 Above compound 0. 25 Above compound-.- 0.22 0.22 Re m 103EP Resin IOIEP 7 101B]? Dloctyl phthalate 50 Dioctyl phthalate- (I 50 Y-15 esults-.- Y-30 Y-GO IB- B-75 13-105 Example 33 Example 40 [Oompound: Benzaldi (mercaptopropionic acid)-Mo1ecu1a.r weight 300] [gompmmdz Methane bis (metcaptoacetic w Dibutyl tin sulfide"--. 0. 40 0. 40 Above compound 0. 26 0.26 5 gggffi gfigfd g? Resin 101EP 101EP Tributyl tin oxide o 46 g fg Y 7 Y 2 Resin 101EP 101E1 BS 5 Diootfi phthalate 50 50 13-105 13-75 Results Y-30 Y-15 13-75 B-60 Example 34 [Compoumk cycIohexyI-Ll-bis (mercapto ropionic acid)- Molecular weight 264] p Example 41 7 [Compound: Isodecane-1,1-bis-(mercaptoacetic aoid)] Dibutyl tin sulfide 0.40 0. 40 Above compound 0. 28 0.28 Resin. 101EI 101EP Above compound 0.72 0.72 Dioctyl phthalate 0 50 Butyl stannoic acid- 0. 31 0 flfl V Y-45 Y-60 Tributyl tin oxide 0 0, 46 13-75 13-105 Resin" 101EP 101EP Results Y-O Y-O r 0 13-45 13-30 The term thloacetal as used harem 1s m accordance with accepted terminology generic to thioketals.

Example 35 Example 42 (Compound: Bis (buwl tin) tri (propane-2,2-bis-B- [Compoundz 4,4bis-(carboxyethylthio) Valerie acid] mercaptopropionate)-Mol. wt. 1101A] Above compound. 0.64 0.64 Above compoumL 0.815 0. 815 0. 815 O. 815 0. 408 Butyl stannoic aoi 0, 31 0 Resin 103EP '103EP 103E]? 1011*11 101EP TributyI tin oxide 0 0. 46 Dioctyl phthalate- 0 50 50 0 0 Resin 101EP 101EP I Results Y-45 Y-45 Y-45 Y- Y-30 Results Y-30 Y-O B-75 B-90 B-90 13-45 B- 3-45 18-60 Example 36 [Compound: Bis (butyl tin) tri (benzaldi-bis-fi-mercaptopropionate)Mo1 wt. 1244.2]

0. 925 0. 463 0. 925 0. 925 0. 925 0. 925 101E? 101E]? 101EP VYNW 101EP IOIEP 0 0 0 0 0 Epoxidized soybea 0 0 0 0 5 0 0,0-di tert. butyl p-cresoL. 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 Results Y-30 Y-30 Y15 Y-3O Y-15 Y-30 B- 18-45 B-75 13-45 13435 13-45 Example 3 7 45 Example 43 V [Compoundz Bis (tributyl tin) propane-2.2-bis-fl- [Compoundz 4,4-bis-(dodecy1thio) Valerie acid] mercapt0propionateMo1. Wt.829. 1] M .gbgvf 1:;ompo u.nd 1. 1 1. 1 Above compound .62 0. 31 gg gf figi ifg 31 0 2 12min 101E]? 101E]? Resin lolEP 101E]? F 50 Rosufis' Y-15 Y-o B-GO B-30 B45 B45 Example 38 [Compound: Bis-(tributyl tin) benza1di s-metcaptopropionate-Mol. Wt. 1047] Above compound 0.66 0. 33 0. 66 0.66 0.66 0.66 Resin 101E? 101EP 101E]? 101E 101EP VYNW Di cty1phtha1ate 0 0 50 0 O V 0 Epoxidized soybean 011---- 0 0 0 5 0 0 0,0-di tert. butyl pcresol r 0 0 0 0 0. 5 0 Results Y-O Y-O Y-15 Y-O Y-O Y-15 B-75 B-30 B-75 13-75 13-60 13-30 Example 39 Example 44 (Compound: Cyclohexyl-Ll-bis (mercaptoacetic acid) [Compoundz 2-butene1,1-bis-(mereaptopropionic acld)] Abo ve compound 0. 59 0.59 Above compound 0. 5s 0, 5s 'Butyl stannoic acid 7 0. 31 0 Bu ty1 stannolc ac1d 0 31 0 Tributyl tin oxide; .r. r O 0. 46 Tnbutyl tin ox1de--- 0 0. 46 Resin. V 101E]? 101EP Resm. 101EP 101E P Digcty] phthalate v p 5 50 Di ctyl phfhahfe 50 Results" Y-ao Y-15 Results Y-O Y-O 13-60 B-60 B-60 B-30 Example 45 {Compoundz Ethane-1,1,2,2-tetrakisJmcrcaptopropionic acid)] Above compound 1.0 1.0 Bntyl starmoie scid 0.31 Tributyl tin oxide 0 0. 46 Resin IOIEP 101E]? Diootyl phthalate 50 Results z- Y-15 Y-O 3-60 13-45 Example 46 [Compound: Qhydroxybenzaldi (2-mercaptobenzoid acld)] Above compound 0.87 0.87 Butyl staunoic acid 0. 31 O 'Iributyl tin oxide. 0. 4d Resin 101121 IOlEP Results Y-SO Y-O 13-75 B-60 Example 47 [Qompoundz Methane-bis-(mercaptopropionic acid)] Above compound 0. 56 O. 56 Butyl stannoic acid 0. 31 l) Tributyl tin oxide 0 0. 46 Resin 101EP 101E? Dioctyl phthalatc 50 0 Results Y-3O Y-O Example 48 [Compound: Benzaldi (mercaptopropionic acidl] Above compound 0. 67 0V 67 Butyl stannoic acid 0.31 O Tributyl tin oxide 0. 46 Resin 101E? 101EP Y-30 Y-O 13-60 18-75 The tin containing mercaptoacetal (including mercaptoketal) compounds of the present invention are not only useful for stabilizing halogen containing resins but are also useful in stabilizing polymers of monoolefins having 2 to 4 carbon atoms. While the stabilizers of the present invention can be used with polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolyrners (e.g., a 50'50 copolymer), polybutylene and polyisobutylene, they are preferably employed with polymers and copolymers of polypropylene.

The present invention is suitable for the stabilization of the monoolefin polymers regardless of the method employed to prepare the polymer. Thus, there can be stabilized polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene and copolymers of ethylene with propylene prepared with Ziegler type polymerization catalysts, e.g., trialkyl aluminum (trlbutyl aluminum) with titanium tetrachloride or dibutyl beryllium with titanium tetrachloride. The polymers can be prepared using any of the Ziegler type of catalysts as set fortth in Salyer Patent 2,985,617, issued May 23, 1961, for example. However, the stabilizers of the present invention can be employed with polymers of monooletins prepared by other processes, e.g., polyethylene prepared under high pressure as set forth in Fawcett Patent 2,153,553, for example, or polyethylene, polypropylene or copolymers prepared using Phillips Petrole urn or Standard Oil of Indiana type catalysts.

The tin containing rnercaptoacetals of the present invention can be used as stabilizers in an amount of 0.01 to 10% by weight of the monooleiin polymer. Preferably, 0.1 to of the stabilizer is employed. When the organotin mercaptoacetals are employed together with other stabilizers, usually 0.01 to and preferably 0.1 to 5%, of total stabilizer based on the weight of the polymer is employed.

While the organotin mercaptoacetals can be employed alone, synergistic action has been observed when they are employed together with certain other stabilizers. Par- 18 ticularly good results are obtained when there is employed in addition to the organotin compound a neutral sulfur compound having a thio linkage beta to a carbon atom having both a hydrogen atom and a carbonyl group attached thereto. Such compounds are used in an amount of 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5%. The preferred thio compound is dilauryl thiodipropionate. Other thio compounds include distearyl-3,3-thiodipropionate (dioctadecyl-thiodipropionate),

dicycloheXyl-3,3-thiodipropionate,

dicetyl-3,3'-thiodipropionate,

diheXyl-3,3 -thiodipropionate,

dioctyl-3,3-thiodipropionate,

dioenzyl-3,3-thiodipropionate,

lauryl myristyl-3,3-thiodipropionate,

diphenyl-3,3'-thiodipropionate,

di-p-rnethoxyphenyl-3,3'-thiodipropionate,

didecyl-3,3-thiodipropionate,

dibenzyl-3,3'-thiodipropionate,

diethyl-3,3'-thiodipropionate,

lauryl ester of 3-methylmercapto propionic acid,

lauryl ester of B-butylmercapto propionic acid,

lauryl ester of 3-laurylmercaptopropionic acid,

phenyl ester of S-octylmercapto propionic acid,

lauryl ester of 3-laurylrnercapto propionic acid,

lauryl ester of 3-phenylrnercapto propionic acid,

lauryl ester or" 3-benzylmercapto propionic acid,

lauryl ester of 3- (p-methoxy) phenylmercapto propionic acid,

lauryl ester of 3-cyclohexylmercapto propionic acid,

lauryl ester of 3-hydroxymethylmercapto propionic acid,

myristyl ester of B-hydroxyethylmercapto propionic acid,

octyl ester of 3-methoxymethylmercapto propionic acid,

dilauryl ester of 3-carboxymethylmercapto propionic acid,

dilauryl ester of 3-carboxypropylmercapto propionic acid,

dilauryl-4,7-dithiasebactate,

dilauryl-4,7,8,1 l-tetrathiatetradecandioate,

dimyristyll, 1 l-dithiatetradecandioate,

lauryl-3-benzothiazylmercaptopropionate,

as Well as other allryl, cycloalkyl and aryl esters of the beta thiocarboxylic acids set forth in Gribbins patent 2,519,755. Preferably, the esterifying alcohol has 10 to 18 carbon atoms.

Other beta thiocarboaylic acids include stearyl (1,2- dicarboethoxyethylthio) acetate, stearyl (1,2-dicarbolauryloxyethylthio) acetate, lauryl (1,24dicarboethoxycthylthio) acetate or the like. Compounds of this type can be made in known fashion by addition of an alkyl ester of mercaptoacetic acid to a dialkyl ester of maleic acid. Similar beta thiocarboxyl compounds can be used which are made by addition of an RSI-I compound across the maleic ester double bond and where R is alkyl, aryl, alkylcarboxyalkyl, arylcarboxyalkyl, or aralkyl. Examples of such compounds are decylthiodilaurylrnaleate, phenylthiodioctyl maleate, cetyl (LZ-dicarboethoxyethylthio) propionate and benzylthiodimyristyl maleate.

Similarly, useful beta thiocarboxyl compounds can be prepared by addition of the RSH compounds as defined above across the double bond of dialkyl itaconates, dialkyl citraconatcs, dialkyl furnarates, or trialkyl aconitates, e.g., the addition product of lauryl mercaptan with dibutyl itaconate, the addition product of the stearyl ester of mercaptoacetic acid with dilauryl itaconate, the addition product of butyl mercaptan with dilauryl citraconate, the addition product of lauryl mercaptan with tributyl aconitate, the addition product of the lauryl ester of mercapto propionic acid with triethyl aconitate.

The thermal stability of the polypropylene and other polymers or" a monoolefin is adversely attected by impurities including residual catalyst. When thermal stability is important in addition to oxidative stability, it

enemas has been found valuable to include alkaline earth metal salts of fatty acids in an amount of 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to in the tin salt of a carboxy mercaptal formulations. Examples of such salts are calcium stearate, calcium Z-ethylhexoate, calcium octoate, calcium oleate, calcium ricinoleate, calcium myristate, calciuc palmitate, calcium laurate, barium laurate, barium stearate and magnesium stearate. Other fatty acid salts such as cadmium Z-ethylhexoate, zinc stearate, and cadmium stearate can also be employed.

Particularly effective synergistic stabilizing compositions have been obtained by utilizing a mixture of (1) the organotin compound, (2) the thio compound, particularly dilauryl thiodipropionate, and (3) the alkaline earth metal salt of a fatty acid.

The addition of phenolic antioxidants in an amount of 0.01 to by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5%, also has proved effective. Examples of such phenols include 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol, butylated hydroxyanisole, propyl gallate, 4,4-thiobis (6-tertiary-butyl-m-cresol), 4,4'- cyclohexylidene diphenol, 2,5-di-tertiary-amyl hydroquinone, 4,4'-butylidene bis (6-tertiary-butyl-m-cresol), hydroquinone monobenzyl ether, 2,2 methylene his (4- methyl-6-t-butylphenol), as Well as the other phenols set forth in Salyer Patent 2,985,617. Other suitable phenols include 2-tertiary-butyl-4-decyloxyphenol, 2-tertiary-butyl-4-dodecyloxyphenol, 2 tertiary butyl 4- octadecyloxyphenol, 4,4-methylene bis (2,6 ditertiary butyl phenol), p-aminophenol, N-lauryl p-aminophenol, 4,4 thiobis (3 methyl 6 t butyl phenol), bis [o-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenol] sulfide, 4-acetyl-firesorcyclic acid, A-stage p-tertiary butylphenol-formaldehyde resin, 4-d0dccyloxy-2-hydroxy-benzophenone, 3- hydroxy-4-(phenylcarbonyl) phenyl palmitate, n-dodecyl ester of 3-hydroxy-4-(phenylcarbonyl) phenoxyacetic acid and t-butylphenol.

The use of epoxy compounds in an amount of 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5%, in the organotin compound formulations has also been found valuable. Examples of such epoxy compounds include epoxidized soya oil, epoxidized lard oil, epoxidized olive oil, epoxidized linseed oil, epoxidized castor oil, epoxidized peanut oil, epoxidized corn oil, epoxidized tung oil, epoxidized cottonseed oil, epichlorhydrin bisphenol A resins, phenoxy-propylene oxide, butoxy-propylene oxide, epoxidized neopentylene oleate, glycidyl epoxystearate, epox idized a-olefins, epoxidized glycidyl soyate, dicyclopenta- .diene dioxide, epoxidized butyl tallate, styrene oxide, dipentene dioxide, glycidol, vinyl cyclohexene dioxide, glycidyl ether of resorcinol, glycidyl ether of hydroquinone, glycidyl ether of 1,5-dihydroxy naphthalene, epoxidized linseed oil fatty acids, allyl glycidyl ether, butyl glycidyl ether, cyclohexane oxide, 4-(2,3-epoxypropoxy) acetyl phenone, mesityl oxide epoxide, 2-ethyl- 3-propyl glycidamide, glycidyl ethers of glycerine, pentaerythritol and sorbitol, and 3,4-epoxycyclohexane-1,1- dimethanol bis (9,10-epoxystearate).

The percent of stabilizer in the following examples is based on the amount of polymer being 100%.

Example 49 0.5% of the indicated organotin mercaptal salt was blended into polypropylene having an initial melt index at 190 C. of 0.8. The formulation was fabricated into a mil thick strip and heated in an oven at 140 C. The unstabilized polypropylene degraded after 4 hours under these conditions.

' Time to Degrada- Stabilizer: tion of Polymer (hours) Dibutyl tin propane-2,2-bis (mercaptoacetate) 72 Dibutyl tin propane-2,2-bis (mercaptopropionate) 48 Dineopentyl tin propane-2,2-bis mercaptopropionate) 24 Dioctyl tin propane-2,2-bis (mercaptopropionate) 24 Time to Degradation Stabilizer: of Polymer (hours) Dibutyl tin butane-2,2-bis (mercaptoacetate) 72 Dibutyl tin butane-2,2-bis (mercaptopropionate) 24 Dibutyl tin 2-ethylbutane-1,l-bis (mercapto propionate) 24 Dibutyl tin isodecane-1,1-bis (mercaptopropionate) 72 Dibutyl tin benzaldi (mercaptoacetate) 72 Dibutyl tin benzaldi (mercaptopropionate) 24 Dioctyl tin benzaldi (mercaptopropionate) 48 Dibutyl tin o-hydroxybenzaldi (mercaptoacetate) 72 Dibutyl tin o-hydroxybenzaldi (mercaptopropionate) 48 Dioctyl tin o-hydroxybenzaldi (mercaptopropionate) 48 bis (Tributyl tin) propane-2,2-bis (mercaptopropionate) 24 bis (Tributyl tin) benzaldi (mercaptopropionate) 48 bis (Butyl tin) tris [propane-2,2-bis (mercaptopropionate)] 24 bis (Butyl tin) tris [benzaldi (mercaptopropionate)] 24 Dioctyl tin o-hydroxybenzaldi (mercaptoacetate) 48 Dioctyl tin isodecane-l,1-bis (mercaptoacetate) 48 Dioctyl tin isodecane-1,l-bis (mercaptopropionate) Q. 72 Dibutyl tin isodecane-1,1-bis (mercaptoacetate) 48 Dibutyl tin 1-carboethoxypropane-2,2-bis (mercaptopropionate) 24 Example 50 A formulation consisting of 0.166% of the indicated organotin mercaptal salt, 0.166% of dilauryl thiodipropionate and 0.166% calcium stearate was blended into the same polypropylene as employed'in Example 49 and the strips obtained heated to 140 C. The time to degrade the polymer using the indicated tin compound in this formulation was as follows:

Organotin compound (with dilaurylthiodipropionate and calcium stearate): Time (hours) Dibutyl tin propane-2,2-bis (mercaptoacetate) 72 Dibutyl tin propane-2,2-bis (mercaptopropionate) 72 Dineopentyl tin propane-2,2-bis (mercaptopropionate) Dibutyl tin butane-2,2-bis (mercaptoacetate) 96 Dibutyl tin isodecane-1,1-bis (mercaptopropionate) 96 Dibutyl tin benzaldi (mercaptoacetate) 120 Dibutyl tin benzaldi (mercaptopropionate) 24 Dioctyl tin benzaldi (mercaptopropionate) 72 Dibutyl tin o-hydroxybenzaldi (mercaptoacetate) 120 Dibutyl tin o-hydroxybenzaldi (mercaptopropionate) 240 bis (Tributyl tin) propane-2,2-bis (mercaptopropionate) 144 bis (Tributyl tin) benzaldi (mercaptopropionate) 96 bis (Butyl tin) tris [propane-2,2-bis (mercaptopropionate)] 96 bis (Butyl tin) tri [benzaldi (mercaptopropionate)] 48 Dioctyl tin o-hydroxybenzaldi (mercaptoacetate) 168 Dioctyl tin o-hydroxybenzaldi (mercaptopropionate) 96 Dioctyl tin isodecane-1,1-bis (mercaptoacetate) 216 Dioctyl tin isodecane-1,1-bis (mercaptopropionate) 144 Dibutyl tin isodecane-1,1-bis (mercaptoacetate) 48 Dibutyl tin 1-carboethoxypropane-2,2-bis (mercaptopropionate) 24- a .23 Example 51 A formulation consisting of 0.1% of the indicated organotin mercaptal salt, 0.1% dilauryl thiodipropionate, 0.1% 2,6-di tertiary butyl p-cresol and 0.1% stearyl mercaptoacetate was blended into the same polypropylene as employed in Example 49, and the strips obtained heated to 140 C. The time to degrade the polymer using the indicated tin compound in this formulation was as follows:

Tin compound (with the thiodipropionate, tertiary butyl cresol and mercaptoacetate) Time (hours) Dibutyl tin benzaldi (mercaptoacetate) 168 Dibutyl tin benzaldi (mercaptopropionate) 192 Dibutyl tin o-hydroxybenzaldi (mercaptoacetate) 192 Dibutyl tin o-hydroxybenzaldi (mercaptopropionate) 192 Dibutyl tin butane-2,2-bis (mercaptoacetate) 192 Dibutyl tin butane-2,2-bis (mercaptopropionate) 168 Dibutyl tin propane-2,2-bis (mercaptoacetate) 264 Dibutyl tin propane-2,2-bis (mercaptopropionate) 192 Dibutyl tin isodecane-1,1-bis (mercaptoacetate) 168 Dibutyl tin isodccane-1,1-bis (mercaptopropionate) 192 Dibutyl tin cyclohexane-1,1-bis (mercaptoacetate) 264 Dibutyl tin cyclohexane-1,1-bis (mercaptopropionate) 168 Dibutyl tin methylene-bis (mercaptoacetate) 240 Dibutyl tin methylene-bis (mercaptopropiomate) 240 Dibutyl tin 2-ethylbutane-l,1-bis (mercaptopropionate) 168 Dineopentyl tin propane-2,2-bis (mercaptopropionate) 192 Dioctyl tin benzaldi (mercaptopropionate) 168 Dioctyl tin o-hydroxybenzaldi (mercaptoacetate) 168 Dioctyl tin o-hydroxybenzaldi (mercaptopropionate) 120 Dioctyl tin isodecane-1,1-bis (mercaptoacetate)- 168 Dioctyl tin isodecane-l,1-bis (mercaptopropionate) 144 Dioctyl tin propane-2,2-bis (mercaptopropionate) 168 bis (Tributyl tin) propane-2,2-bis (mercaptopropionate) 216 bis (Tributyl tin) benzaldi (mercaptopropionate) 312 Dibutyl tin 1-carboethoxypropane-lZ-bis (mercaptopropionate) 72 We claim:

1. A composition of matter comprising (a) a member of the group consisting of (1) a polymer of a monoolefin having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and (2) a halogen containing resin selected from the group consisting of vinyl and vinylidene resins in which the halogen is attached directly to a carbon atom in the polymer chain and (b) a stabilizing effective amount of a member of the group consisting of 1) a hydrocarbon tin salt of a carboxy mercaptal, said salt having 1 to 3 hydrocarbon groups attached directly to the tin, said carboxy mercaptal being connected to the tin atom through a carboxyl oxygen atom, and (2) a mixture of a member of the group consisting of dihydrocarbon tin oxide-s, dihydrocarbon tin sulfides, trihydrocarbon tin oxides, monohydrocarbon stannoic acids and monohydrocarbon tin alcoholates with a mercaptal containing a free carboxyl group.

2. A composition of matter comprising (a) a vinyl resin in which the halogen is attached directly to a carbon atom in the polymer chain and (b) a stabilizing effective amount of a member of the group consisting of (1) a hydrocarbon tin salt of a carboxy mercaptal, said salt having 1 to 3 hydrocarbon groups attached directly to the tin, said carboxy mercaptal being connected to the tin atom through a carboxyl oxygen atom, and (2) a mixture of a member or the group consisting of dihydrocarbon tin oxides, dihydrocarbon tin sulfides, trihydrocarbon tin oxides, monohydrocarbon stannoic acids and monohydrocarbon tin alcoholates with a mercaptal containing a free carboxyl group.

3. A composition according to claim 2 wherein the resin is a vinyl chloride resin.

4. A composition of matter comprising a vinyl chloride resin and a stabilizing effective amount of a hydrocarbon tin salt of a carboxy mercaptal, said salt having 1 to 3 hydrocarbon groups attached directly to the tin, said carboxy mercaptal being connected to the tin atom through a carboxyl oxygen atom.

5. A composition of matter comprising a vinyl chloride resin and a stabilizin efiective amount of a hydrocarbon tin salt of a hydrocarbon bis (mercaptoalkanoic acid) having 2 to 9 carbon atoms in the alkanoic acid group.

6. A composition of matter comprising a vinyl chloride resin and a stabilizing effective amount of a hydrocarbon tin salt of a hydroxyaryl bis (mercaptoalkanoic acid) having 2 to 9 carbon atoms in the alkanoic acid group.

'7. A composition of matter comprising a vinyl chloride resin and a stabilizing eifective amount of a mixture of 1) a hydrocarbon tin oxide and (2) a hydrocarbon bi (mercaptoalkanoic acid) having 2 to 9 carbon atoms in the allianoic acid group.

8. A composition of matter comprising a vinyl chloride resin and a stabilizing effective amount of a mixture of (1) a monohydrocarbon stannoic acid and (2) a hydrocarbon bis (mercaptoallranoic acid) having 2 to 9 carbon atoms in the alkanoic acid group.

9. A composition or" matter comprising a vinyl chloride resin and a stabilizing eifective amount of a mixture of (1) a hydrocarbon tin oxide and a monohydrocarbon stannoic acid and (2) a hydroxyaryl bis (mercaptoallranoic acid) having 2 to 9 carbon atoms in the alkanoic acid group.

It). A composition of matter comprising (a) a polymer of a monoolelin having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and (b) a stabilizing effective amount of a member of the group consisting of (1) a hydrocarbon tin salt of a carboxy mercaptal, said salt having 1 to 3 hydrocarbon groups attached directly to the tin, said carboxy mercaptal being connected to the tin atom through a carboxyl oxygen atom, and (2) a mixture of a member of the group consisting of dihydrocarbon tin oxides, dihydrocarbon tin sulfides, trihydrocarbon tin oxides, monohydrocarbon stannoic acids and monohydrocarbon tin alcoholates with a mercaptal containing a free carboxyl group.

11. A stabilized composition according to claim It? including a neutral sulfur compound having a thio linka beta to a carbon atom having both a hydrogen atom a carboxyl group attached thereto.

12. A stabilized composition according to claim 11 wherein the polymer is polypropylene and the composition also includes a phenolic antioxidant.

13. A stabilized composition according to claim 153 wherein the polymer is polypropylene.

14. A stabilized composition according to claim 13 including a neutral sulfur compound having a thio linkage beta to a carbon atom having both a hydrogen atom and a carboxyl group attached thereto.

1:3. A stabilized composition according to claim 14 wherein the sulfur compound is dilauryl thiodipropionate.

16. A composition of matter comprising a solid polypropylene and a stabilizing effective amount of a hydroand carbon tin salt of a carboxy mercaptal, said salt having 1 to 3 hydrocarbon groups attached directly to the tin, said carboxy mercaptal being connected to the tin atom through a carboxyl oxygen atom.

17. A composition of matter comprising a solid polypropylene and a stabilizing eficctive amount of a hydrocarbon tin salt of a hydrocarbon bis (mercaptoalkanoic acid) having 2 to 9 carbon atoms in the alkanoic acid group.

18. A composition of matter comprising a solid polypropylene and a stabilizing effective amount of a hydrocarbon tin salt of a hydroxyaryl bis (mercaptoalkanoic acid) having 2 to 9 carbon atoms in the alkanoic acid group. References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,892,856 6/51 Ramsden ct al. 260--429.7 2,938,013 5/60 Mack et al 26045.75 2,965,661 12/ 60 Ramsden 260-429] 2,972,595 2/61 Bavely et al. 26025.75

LEON I. BERCOVITZ, Primary Examiner.

TOBIAS E. LEVOW, Examiner. 

1. A COMPOSITION OF MATTER COMPRISING (A) A MEMBER OF THE GROUP CONSISTING OF (1) A POLYMER OF A MONOOLEFIN HAVING 2 TO 4 CARBON ATOMS AND (2) A HALOGEN CONTAINING RESIN SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF VINYL AND VINYLIDENE RESINS IN WHICH THE HALOGEN IS ATTACHED DIRECTLY TO A CARBON ATOM IN THE POLYMER CHAIN AND (B) A STABILIZING EFFECTIVE AMOUNT OF A MEMBER OF THE GROUP CONSISTING OF (1) A HYDROCARBON TIN SALT OF A CARBOXY MERCAPTAL, SAID SALT HAVING 1 TO 3 HYDROCARBON GROUPS ATTACHED DIRECTLY TO THE TIN, SAID CARBOXY MERCAPTAL BEING CONNECTED TO THE TIN ATOM THROUGH A CARBOXYL OXYGEN ATOM, AND (2) A MIXTURE OF A MEMBER OF THE GROUP CONSISTING OF DIHYDROCARBON TIN OXIDES, DIHYDROCARBON TIN SULFIDES, TRIHYDROCARBON TIN OXIDES, MONOHYDROCARBON STANNOIC ACIDS AND MONOHYDROCARBON TIN ALCOHOLATES WITH A MERCAPTAL CONTAINING A FREE CARBOXYL GROUP. 